Hydro One’s strategy Essay

1.What is Hydro One’s Strategy? Hydro One’s strategy is to semiannually interview all aspects of the company and evaluate what the biggest risks are to the company. They will rank those risks, and then develop ways to mitigate those risks. Those solutions will be evaluated on the amount of risk reduction per dollar. The most successful and efficient will be implemented for that year. The summary is handed to the Risk Department for finalization. 2.Why are they spending on the Bruce-Milton/Toronto line and the Smart Meters? They are spending on the Line and Smart Meters to increase customer satisfaction, conserve energy and resources, and to increase capacity to answer demand. 3.Putting yourself in the shoes of CEO Laura Formusa, what risks does Hydro One face? Risks faced are rising costs, lack of employees, uncertainty in government (upcoming election), safety issues, equipment failures, environment issues 4.Consider the elements of Hydro One’s ERM process. What are its strengths and weaknesses? Strengths: full involvement of every aspect of the business, large numbers are able to see things that others might not, highly scrutinizing of options to mitigate, efficient Weaknesses: Risk experts are not fully involved until risks have been established by others, options for mitigation not used may be the important ones, only management is involved (what about some lower level workers seeing issues?) 5.Should private sector companies embrace ERM in a way similar to Hydro One’s approach? I don’t think it would hurt. It’s full enterprise brainstorming. Some people may think of things risk experts maybe didn’t see. If it helps save money, increase customer satisfaction, and mitigates risk- it is probably worth it. 6.What recommendations would you make to CEO Laura Formusa about the ERM process? I would involve more little people. They may see something that the managers don’t. Get the Risk people involved earlier to help establish options faster.

Ethnic Literature and Postcolonialism In Barta’s “Gadis Tangsi”

The definition of ethnic literature â€Å"is literature like any other, except that it contains ethnic references.† (Reilly p.2). Another definition of ethnic literature is when there is a literature work that contain religious beliefs, racial issues, linguistics, or cultural heritage. In another word, ethnic literature is the literary work that includes particular culture, beliefs, or linguistics distinction. Postcolonial literary theory draws attention in the issue of cultural difference emerging in the society.One of the issues which may often appear during the class discussion is hybridity. It seems that people who have been faced by the fact that they are living in a ‘hybrid world’ tend to be confused by their real status. They realize for their interest, but they can not avoid the possibility becoming ‘in between’. Although , they are included into one part, the native part, but on the other hand they can not deny the deep feeling to be pleasant considering themselves different with the other. There is a kind of more value they have compared with their surround, and they think it is worthy to be kept. Of course, this feeling comes into their mind by some reasons.There must be an additional value added into their original culture. The additional value may be in the form of a new ideology, belief or view which are brought by the dominating. The dominated rarely conscious with the impact. They usually only feel that it is a natural process which become the impact of daily social interaction they are engaged in. Another issue which emerges in postcolonial discussion is about dominated-dominating one. We can not expect who actually take the role as ‘dominating’ or ‘dominated’.The practice may turn over, the dominated may become the dominating in the same time toward different object, vice versa. We are also introduced by ‘Otherness’ theory. It makes someone consider that she or he are diff erent from the other, and other people is not the same with her or him. Gadis Tangsi tells a story about a girl life, namely Teyi. She is a Javanese girl who grew up in the Javanese tradition. She lives with his parents and sibling in tangsi area. She was taught to become an obedient girl by her mother with many limitations as a girl. She helps her mother to sell fried bananas every day.Teyi finds herself limited by some rules which  are considered as the right rules for her mother. She even does not know how ‘love’ or how to be ‘loved’ by a man. She was taught to be a polite woman. She finally finds who she is when she is introduced to Putri Parasi by Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi who has helped her. That is the beginning of her new experience to recognize a new world, the world that she has never imagined before. Putri Parasi teaches her everything to be ‘a good lady’. Putri Parasi likes Teyi for her politeness. She more likes Teyi after bein g saved when her disease comes immediately. Putri Parasi expects to teach her how to behave well.She even teaches Teyi to speak Dutch. Teyi starts to be able to read and write. Putri Parasi really wants to prepare her to be taken to Surakarta Keraton and introduced her to a man who will be married with her. She plans to make Teyi deserve to have a husband from Keraton families. In the novel Gadis Tangsi written by Suparto Brata, we can see some unexpected phenomenon occur. It makes me realize that actually there are still many things covered even by what Javanese people considered as ‘budaya adiluhung’.The word ‘politeness’, ‘hospitality’ and ‘dignity’ which come into people mind when they heard about Javanese culture become blur after they read this novel. Javanese woman who is considered as an obedient woman and become a mercy for whom takes her as a wife may be surprised by what Suparto tells about Teyi and Dumilah. He brings th em in this novel as representative of Javanese woman character, in different point of view. However, the story about them, for me, is far from the stereotype of common Javanese women (may be just a few). The feeling of ‘in between’ seem to be experienced by Teyi. She starts to know about how the way the higher status people behave since she meets Putri Parasi.Teyi realizes that her life style is quite different from her, and she is glad when she knows that Putri Parasi does not mind introducing this new culture to her. From this intentional interaction, after she is taught how to behave like ‘putri bangsawan’, Teyi starts to consider she has a chance to be the same with them. Even she lives with her parents, she starts to consider that she is better than them. She has been raised from the lower part. She has more power than the people in the house. The very obvious impact of this teaching actually appears when Teyi has been left by Putri Parasi. After she p assed away, Teyi become independent from the influence of Putri Parasi.Although, there are still some traces of her teaching inside Teyi which reflect in the  way she behaves. She seems take the dominating position over her husband, Sapardal. Sapardal feeling about his lower position when they have been married becomes the cause of the divorce. Only two days of marriage, and Teyi considers that she has a right to sue divorce, while Sapardal can only keep silent without any comment. In this relationship, Sapardal as a man who actually considered as ‘the dominating’ take the role as ‘the dominated’. He does not feel on the same level with Teyi. He admits that he has no power compared to Teyi. He even has no courage to touch her in their first night of marriage.Here, we can see the role between man and woman has shifted. Brata seems to show us that the role of people in the society is like running on the moving wheel. The dominating and dominated are only a symbol of someone position, which also can be shifted based on where we are standing. Sapardal may fail in maintaining his position as superior in front of Teyi. The cultural change also appears in this novel. Sexual intercourse is not considered as a sacral any longer for almost all the women in this novel. During my reading, I wonder if I read Indonesian culture literary work, especially belong to Javanese one.However, Brata wrote the novel using the Indonesian condition in the past, in the colonial occupation. In this situation, it is not easy to determine which one who still hold the original value since the influence of other ideology come into the life in that simple way. The force of a new ideology input is not directly felt in this novel. The indigenous people enjoy the acculturation between the dominated and the dominating. It also happens in the shifting of the way they see sexual intercourse actually is. What we call as a taboo becomes commonly conducted by the people. Te yi is defined as a free woman, even she has been married and becomes a wife of Sapardal, and she breaks the rule by having intercourse with Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi.It seems that she wants to take a revenge to Dumilah who is considered had cheated her by having romantic affair with her master. Sapardal can not do anything. He has failed to become a good husband. This thinking is from his own side. When we look at this phenomenon, again, Teyi proves that she has had a power over a man from her own society. She starts to have a right to consider a man like Sapardal is not at the same level with her. However, in my opinion it will not happen if Sapardal never has the way of thinking. Actually, he has thought that she is great and different from the other woman in his  environment before they are married. That makes he has no courage to touch her at their first night.It also makes Teyi feels not being regarding or respecting as a wife. She thinks that Sapardal has no desire toward her, and she thinks that it is better to ask divorce. What a short way of thinking! I found that Teyi has put a wrong way of thinking about what Putri Parasi had taught to her. It seems that she does not consider marriage as a sacral relationship any longer. ‘Love’ relationship has been considered as a ‘real’ relationship when we have passion to have sex with our couple. Is that so simple? That is the way Teyi think about love basically. It is shown also when she does not mind to have sex with her ex-master, Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi, and then she starts to love someone else, Ndara Mas Kus.There is no any guilty feeling. Finally, we can conclude that there are three aspect of postcolonial reading for Gadis Tangsi has been discussed above. First, hybridity appears when Teyi finds herself has involved and being a part of Putri Parasi’s society, Keraton environment since she has been able to behave and speak like her, so she considers that she is a pa rt of Putri community. While she has that feeling, she still can not avoid other people consideration about her who is only becoming a servant and will not become like them. Second, dominating feeling toward Sapardal comes into her mind. There is dominating-dominated in shifting model between them. It seems a denial for a man who usually considered as the dominating one, while Teyi proves that it can be shifted. Last, ‘Otherness’ theory also emerges in this novel.After having taught to have attitude and behave like Putri Parasi model, Teyi finally considers herself different with other woman in her society. It appears in the way she treats Dumilah who is her old friend. She thinks that Dumilah has no right to become ‘a munci’ of Ndara Tuan Kapten Sarjubehi because she is not at the same level with her or Ndara.

The evolution of phone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The evolution of phone - Research Paper Example The first operating telephone sets were restricted by the wire that connected pairs of telephones. Since then, the evolution of the telephone has passed through a range of important yet exciting stages, including the introduction of the automatic branch exchange with a series of switches instead of the human operator, the emergence of dial exchanges, and the induction of wireless communication that paved the way for worldwide communication. Alongside these developments, arrays of features of the handsets also underwent a sea change to yield the latest generation of smartphones. Interestingly, however, the basic technology has remained mostly unchanged for more than a hundred years (Dennis 1). The most rapid expansion of the telephone industry occurred during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Following a brief explanation of the basic principles of the telecommunication systems, this essay discusses the amazing progression of the device from the initial cranking set to the smartphone, describing the associated developments in the size, shape, material and features of the device. The changes that have occurred in the telecommunication infrastructure such as the computerization of the switching system, digital transmission using fiber optic cables, transmission towers for cell phone networks, and telecommunication satellites have also been dealt with. Finally, how the telephone affects our day to day lives by impacting the economy and the society is elaborated upon. Basic information The basic requirements of a telecommunication system include, at the place of origin, a speaker, a transducer that converts the original information energy into electrical energy to produce the information signal, an amplifier to increase the power of the signal to compensate for losses occurring during transmission, a wire or cable link to transmit to its destination the signal travelling at 60% the speed of light (â€Å"Telecommunication†). Besides the above, at t he destination point another transducer converts the received signal back to its original energy form, while a second amplifier increases the power of the signal. Telecommunication System Components The components of a complete telecommunication system comprise of (1) the source of the message, for example, a voice signal which as stated earlier is converted by a transducer to electrical signals; (2) a transmitter that modulates the signal suitably for transmission. The reason is that the original audio frequency created in a low frequency waveform is unsuitable for transmission and needs to be translated to a higher frequency that can be transmitted; (3) a channel or a carrier system, which is nothing but the transmission path that transfers the modulated signal to the receiver via a medium. The different channels that are made use of are wires or cables, radio waves and light waves; (4) a receiver that receives the incoming signal after selection of the appropriate signal from a g amut of signals passing through the channel. The receiver also demodulates the signal to reproduce the original information; and (5) a destination device that further processes the signal that is, receives, stores or re-transmits the signal (â€Å"

Life Mission Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life Mission Statement - Essay Example In his life, Jesus preached about the necessity of being poor in the heart in the beatitudes. Matthew (5.3) states that â€Å"happy are the poor in spirit, for there is the Kingdom of God†, a verse that has inspired my mission. Each day I sleep I dream about a society that is humble and one that seeks shelter in Jesus Christ rather than one that clings on the worldly materials. My vision is to see that this dream come true by remaining committed to the life of Jesus Christ. My vision is large and can only be aided by those sent by Jesus. I will work within a non-profit and assist with building the foundation of the organization and developing the plan to serve the community. I will lead youth and seniors in a direction that will render them capable. Through the spirit of the word, I will empower them to become leaders of Christ, to join in the work of the preaching and spreading the gospel. It is with great humbleness that I recognize the God given talent of preaching that I possess. I feel that this is a talent that God gave me purposely, and one that I must cultivate on and use in in the service to the community. I plan to develop this talent by delving in deep understanding of the bible and building a religious tradition within my life style. Having spent a good part of my life in the church, serving God in various capacities, I have learnt the power of preaching and recognized the need to join in this vocation towards the development of a knowledgeable society. I intend to start this mission within my family by developing a family that supports the work of Jesus Christ. I want to create a family that embeds its value on justice, love, care and support for the other in the community. To be an exemplary family, it is important to lead by good actions within the community that I live in. By being kind to others and expressing compassion to other in the society, we shall provide an

Cyperethics-copyrights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cyperethics-copyrights - Essay Example It is also immoral. Or is it? There is not a doubt that there are substantial harms that might come through the illegal downloading of music - for one, illegal downloading takes money out of the pocket of recording artists, and it might stifle innovation and growth in the industry. But, on the other hand, it is more morally complex and ambiguous than might be on the surface. It can be compared to white collar crime, in that there are diffuse victims, diffuse perpetrators, and it is difficult to know exactly who is being harmed by it. Also, illegally downloading music is not necessarily in violation of social norms, as so many people do it, therefore one basis for morality, social norms, is not necessarily a basis for the censure on illegal downloading. Finally, the record companies do not have clean hands, as they are known to take advantage of artists because of unequal bargaining power, such that some successful recording artists end up in bankruptcy court because the contract term s were so onerous that these artists got little out of it. Illegally downloading music might hurt the recording industry, but they hurt artists, so, in essence, illegally downloading music is giving them a taste of their own medicine. ... And, illegally downloading music has a lot in common with white collar crime, which might include extortion, false statements, fraud, tax evasion and the like. According to Green (2004), white collar crime does not necessarily have the same degree of moral unambiguity as do other crimes, such as robbery, rape and murder. The white collar crime might not be morally wrong, according to Green (2004), because the behavior that is conducted is considered to be more or less acceptable in the realm that it is performed, which means that these crimes have a certain level of moral ambiguity about them. In fact, there are ten factors which he states he associates with moral ambiguity, in the context of white collar crime. One is that there are cases which distinguish between criminality and merely aggressive behavior. For instance, some kind of alleged extortion might be considered to be hardball negotiating, and nothing more. Another is that there is morally ambiguity in inchoate offenses, wh ich means that there is liability for offenses that haven't quite been completed. There is also an issue of overcriminalization, according to Green (2004), and this, perhaps, is most pertinent to the issue of the illegal downloading of music. Overcriminalization refers to offenses that a great percentage of society does not necessarily see as wrong. Green (2004) argues that how a society views a certain offense matters – that society might think that certain things are unambiguous and worthy of censure, no matter the context – this would encompass things like stealing or rape or other kinds of crimes where people are hurt. But society, according to Green (2004) does not

Performance Management - Research and Assessment Term Paper

Performance Management - Research and Assessment - Term Paper Example SM Energy Company has a goal planning sessions which undertakes development of goals by the employees which are later approved by managers (Aguinis, # 10). The business strategy in SM energy is done through cascading goals in order to support the process of performance management effectively and efficiently. Board of directors is the ones who sets and approves the goals and the goals are communicated to the organization by the management. The company has formulated training and education for workers which are formulated based on performance management. Performance management is an ongoing activity. Each employee should be kept updated thus why training is vital (Rausch, #34). SM Energy employee’s views performance management as effective and fair because they do not dispute its process. Evaluation of performance is done twice per year. Employees should be given the chance to give their opinions concerning performance management thus enhancing the handling performances issues that are difficult. Poor performance is well addressed in SM Energy Company. It is majorly based on progressive discipline. Before taking disciplinary actions, coaching is done first and later performance improvement plan is used to address the problem. Performance improvement plan is described as a structured document that discusses mainly the problem or the influence of the problem on department, person or the organization. It acts as a letter of warning before one is terminated from the organization. There are several measure that SM energy company employs like any other organization to determine whether the performance management process is effective. The first one is that at the end of each year they observe the distribution of ratings. This means that majority of the employees are meeting their set goals. Another measure is Lake Woebegone effect, this is the feeling that each person should be above average

HBS (Harvard Business Studies) IT WILL BE CASE ANALYSIS Essay

HBS (Harvard Business Studies) IT WILL BE CASE ANALYSIS - Essay Example At the present time, over 90 percent of the workforce cannot run official duties in English. The CEO has set some punitive measures for those who will fail to achieve set scores – they will face demotions. As the program is rolled out, employees struggle to learn English. There are many challenges faced including loss of productivity, insufficient time to conduct studies, and internal resistance from managers. It is very clear employees are disgusted with the new policy and are only learning English to avoid being demoted or losing their jobs. Nine months to the deadline, the employees are growing desperate as they are realizing that it is increasingly becoming clear that they are not going to meet the set scores by the deadline. This has created anxiety and generally disrupted the workplace (Tsedal, 2011). In this paper, this case study is critically analyzed by examining the key communication challenges that are evident in the case study, suggesting alternatives to these cha llenges and showing why the alternatives will work. The challenges which are likely to be encountered in implementing the alternatives will also be highlighted. CASE ANALYSIS Key communication issues in the case study Radical changes in any organization require good preparation. In the case of this case study, the radical change was the change in the official language of the organization. The biggest communication challenge which can be identified here is insufficient of it. The manner in which the change in policy was communicated was clearly not the best. It was clearly going to draw resistance. Employees were never given time to internalize the new changes which were going to take effect. Everything around them was changed overnight including the menu language at the cafeteria. Hiroshi Mikitani relegated communication in this sense to a very naive position. According to Griffin (2003), communication should not be viewed naively as just a transmission of information. He argued tha t this notion often breeds â€Å"managerialism, discursive closure, and corporate colonization† (Griffin, 2003, p. 495). It is clear that Hiroshi Mikitani did not have the patience to engage his employees and collect their opinions on what they thought of the new policy. This challenge was similarly seen in the managers – the managers were clearly complaining and not on the side of their boss. The implication is that they had no prior information about the change in policy. This is a complete communication breakdown from the side of the CEO and such breakdowns often lead to very slow and reluctant adoption of new policies especially when such policies are radical. Alternatives to the challenges There are many alternatives that Hiroshi Mikitani could have used to ensure that his communication was welcomed. 1. There was a need to involve the employees – 2. Hiroshi Mikitani did not involve his employees in deciding on the new policy Their opinions did not seem to m atter to him and therefore by assuming this he was indeed communicating other messages such as they really do not matter to him. According to Tsedal (2012), engaging employees in decision making or in change of policies creates a platform to explain the rationale of creating a new policy. 3. The policy should have been implemented at the managerial level first It could set a great precedence if the policy was

Game Theory for Applied Economists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Game Theory for Applied Economists - Essay Example This is very helpful in the formulation of the necessary strategies of the business. EXAMPLES OF GAME THEORY-EARLY CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT One of the earliest examples of game theory can be seen in the studies of Antoine Cournot in the year 1838. It studied the example of duopoly in the context of a formal type of game and theoretical analysis. The formal theory for the games was brought into the forefront by the mathematician Emile Borel, who had the suggestion of a formal theory of the games by the year 1921.It, was further developed by the likes of mathematicians like John von Neumann in the year 1928. The field of game theory was established as an entity in its own right after the publishing of seminal book called as Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by the likes of Vo Neumann and the economist known as Oskar Morgenstern (Binmore 114). It also received a lot of fillip from the studies of mathematician John Nash who demonstrated that the finite games have any equilibrium, wher ein all the players choose the option that is best for them keeping in mind the action of the fellow players. This is a fundamental unit of the design element that can be seen from the studies of these individuals. This concept of non-cooperative game theory was broadened by the application in the year 1950 and 1960’s. t has always been a central point for discussion. It has been applied to the areas of politics and war. This is one of the centralized concepts of this theory. It has also been accepted in the fields of sociology and physiology. It is also seen in the field of biology. These are some of the common points of the relationship that find mention in the development of theories. It received a lot of attention with the awarding of the Nobel Prize in the field of economics to the likes of Nash, John Harsanyi, and Reinhard Selten. At the period of 1990, it was seen that the game theory was being increasingly used in a number of the fields. It is being prominently used i n for the designing of auctions. It is being designed in such a manner that there is the distribution of maximum benefits for the population. It has also developed a level of understanding in terms of the number of the division of electromagnetic spectrum to the telecommunication firms. The usage of this theory has helped in raising billions of dollars in a number of governments. GAME THEORY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS The level of internal consistency and the basis of mathematics make it one of the primary tools of the modeling and design of many of automated processes of decision making as a part of interactive environments (Fudenberg and Tirole 173). As for example, one of the examples was setting up of efficient rules for the bidding process, websites, and the generation of tamper proof negotiation that is useful in the purchase of communication bandwidth. The automation of strategic choices is necessary for making the choices to be robust in nature. This is helpful in the avoidance of any kind of manipulation in the process of bidding and guards against any kind of abuse form any of the users. The strength of game theory comes from the process of structuring the problems in a way that all the options become clear.

Marketing plan for jetblue airlines Research Paper

Marketing plan for jetblue airlines - Research Paper Example The key competitors of JetBlue Airways Corporation are Southwest Airlines, Delta Air Lines, American Airlines, US Airways, and United Airlines (Cederholm, 2014a). Although it has its bases in JFK International and New York City, the airline’s other focus cities are Fort Lauderdale – Hollywood International Airport, Logan International Airport  (Boston), Long Beach Airport, Luis Muà ±oz Marà ­n International Airport  (San Juan), and Orlando International Airport (Wynbrandt, 2004). The company’s fleet size is 310 reaching more than 87 destinations. The organization’s slogan with which it has spearheaded its marketing strategies is ‘You Above All’ (Handley, 2013). The company has more than 15,000 employees. Its net income, total assets and total equity are US$ 401 million  (2014), US$ 7.1  billion  (2012), and US$ 1.9  billion  (2012) respectively. JetBlue Airways Corporation runs low-cost passenger airline services in the US. It mainly operates on point-to-point routes across the USA from its principal bases in Boston, Fort Lauderdale, Los Angeles/Long Beach, New York/JFK, or Orlando (Bomkamp, 2010). Its fleet consists of 120 Airbus A320 aircraft and 49 EMBRAER 190 aircraft, traveling to over 20 states (Schlangenstein, 2007). Through its subsidiary organizations, JetBlue provides extra services such as in-flight entertainment, voice communication and data connectivity services. These services by its subsidiaries target both commercial and general aviation aircraft. Moreover, JetBlue Airways has vacation packages, provided by its subsidiary, JetBlue Getaways website. This website also offers hotel and car rental reservations alongside the vacation packages. The company has numerous resources with which it can achieve greater heights through astute marketing. First, being among the latest entrants into the airline industry, JetBlue has one of the youngest and newest fleets in the skies. Second, it is a low-cost airline. Third, JetBlue

The Dust Bowl Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Dust Bowl - Research Paper Example Egan describes it â€Å"as if a curtain were being drawn across a vast stage at world’s end.†1 Much of Egan’s prose has this biblical tinge to it, and it strikes the proper tone for a disaster that seemed like a foretaste of Doomsday. A catastrophic symbiosis occurred. The region’s residents suffered crippling economic and personal privation from which most never recovered; similarly, the region sustained a devastating physical transformation from which it has never fully recovered. And there is irony of biblical proportions at work here, in that the people who endured such abject misery were the same ones who were responsible for the most spectacular climactic shift in American history. The land that farmers so freely exploited was part of an exquisitely delicate eco-system. The pristine grasslands which massive herds of buffalo had kept in check created a root system that held fine, fertile soil in place. When the buffalo were exterminated, the plains Indians whose subsistence depended on them moved further west, leaving only white settlers concerned with profiting from the richness of the land. That meant clearing away the grasses. When the Depression hit and wheat prices fell, farmers were forced to increase their yields, clearing more and more grass in order to do so. Millions of tons of dust were picked up by the highest winds in the United States, rendering bare survival problematic. Farmers found themselves incapable of adjusting to the situation, and agricultural profitability in the region suffered. â€Å"During the Depression and through at least the 1950s, there was limited relative adjustment of farmland away from activities that became relatively less productive in more –eroded areas.†2 In the more-eroded counties, attempts at agricultural adjustment resulted in a recovery of less than 25 percent of initial losses.3 One of the most remarkable aspects of the Dust Bowl, and which speaks to the sheer

Death at midnight by Donald A. Cabana Essay Example for Free

Death at midnight by Donald A. Cabana Essay Death at midnight is the story of Donald Cabana of his encounters while working in a prison called Parchman Penitentiary which was located in Mississippi. When cabana first landed in Parchman, the prison was somewhat ‘human’ what with inmates being subjected to tasks such as planting cotton, vegetables and slaughtering the pigs and cows for their own consumption. On leaving Parchman a year later, Cabana returns as a warden only to find that it had been altered what with the crops now lacking and a new gas chamber put in place. We can tell that cabana is against the death penalty judging from his adamancy to enter the chamber for years. Moreover, we note Cabana’s efforts to visit the men on death row. He observed that all these men had one thing in common; a disadvantaged background. In his escapades, he cultivates a special friendship with one inmate named Connie Ray Evans whose crime was murdering a convenience store clerk. They manage to form a strong bond and through this, he is able to see just how humane Connie is judging from how sorry he is for his crime. In one instance, Cabana says, â€Å"Executions strip away the veneer or life for both the warden and the prisoner. Connie Ray Evans and I transcended our environment, and the roles in which we had been cast. The two of us had somehow managed to become real people to each other. There were no more titles or social barriers behind which either of us could hide. † However, their union is cut short when Connie is randomly chosen for execution by the state of Mississippi in a tide of anti-crime fervor. (Cabana A. , 1998) According to Cabana, death penalty is not the solution to getting rid of the roots of crime. He proposes first â€Å"examining the causes and consequences of the protracted warfare that our system of justice fosters and then proceed thereof depending on whether we find it palatable or not, even in the face of bitter contrary experiences. † He is of the belief that â€Å"every human being has a spark somewhere hidden in him that will make it possible for redemption and rehabilitation. †(Cabana A. , 1998) Clearly, the aim of this book is to oppose the death penalty and to show just how irrelevant it is in rooting out criminal behavior. The theme of friendship and disillusionment is well portrayed here. Cabana tries to demonstrate this using his relationship with Connie who he feels did not deserve to be executed. The author’s style in this book is both narrative and analytical because as much as he narrates his encounters and experiences in prison, he is also quick to analyze and form an opinion regarding the justice system. References: Cabana A. D. , (1998) Death at Midnight: The Confession of an Executioner. City: UPNE

The Peculiar Institution of Slavery Essay Example for Free

The Peculiar Institution of Slavery Essay Slavery in America Northern Colonies Southern Colonies Slave Labor The African Slave Trade -10 to 11 million africans kidnaped and brought to usa most of those slaves went to south and latin america those who came to america were a minority europeans don’t create slavery and don’t invent the slave slave they tapped into existing slave trading in africa it already was apart of the african culture myth the white people go and bring them back to own a human being you need to dehumanize them lavery creates racism not the other way around this racism emerges in this myth that africa was backward and it was the dark continent. that africans were lesser civilized beings. estimated on the eve that euro tapped into slavery that africa had as big of a population as eruope and it was diversified middle class, rich, poor, etc agriculture in africa was as sophisitcated as it was in paris, rome, etc many socities in africa had their own legal system and codified laws The Kingdom of Mali Timbuktu and islamic universities huge studied math and astronomy education and scientific progress was apart of africa Europe and the Slave Trade they got through the slave trade through the portuguese Price Henry went through the african waterways and this was when theyt apped into the slave trade portugese got slaves in return for equal valued goods iron, guns, brass pots, etc equitable business trade europeans alter slavery expands it scope and the number of slaves bc of new crops sugar in Caribbean, rice, etc. the capture and transport of slaves from the west cost of africa 3 stages of getting them to the plantations First Leg frican agent would have bought stolen bartered for african slaves and they would have been marched to the coast leg is from the inland to coast this is the beginning of brutilization of slaves slaves march in a single line with chain around their neck waste legs walking upward of 500 miles this is where first slave rebellions began they couldn’t run away so the salve rebellion came in the form of suicide. they’re being ripped from their families and villag es and they don’t know what’s going to happen so there were two ways the slaves found to commit suicide 1. hey had their hands free, the soil turned into clay after rain, they would scoop up some of the clay and would choke to death 2. through rocks at hives of killer bees and allow themselves to be stung to death those who survive get to the coast and they’re sold to a european ship captain they’re branded with the companies logo on the back and inside of the cheek then put into the canoes to the harbor to the big slave ships another form of suicide they would tip the canoes and drown because they didn’t know how to swim Second Leg middle passage ships were cargo ships not passenger ships squished together because you want as many â€Å"product† to get to the new world to sell delicate situation for captain they didn’t want to waste food on them but they couldn’t die of starvation slave owners allowed to happen allowed the slaves to act out their tribal dances (this is how you get the transfer of african cultural music to the united states) despite what the ship owners did 0-15% didn’t make it through starvation and rebellion attempted mutinies wanted to take the ship back to africa when they failed the punishments were brutal you don’t kill a slave because you’re killing your economic property instead you would cut out a tounge or brand them again in really sensitive areas won’t kill because doesn’t make economic sense Third Leg in the ports auctions if a family was somehow able to survive first two legs, this is where they would be auctioned off and split up the slaves were poked and prauded to see their physical stance and their cavities were checked for disease compaired to cattle acution Slavery in America irst africans came to america in 1619 and were brought over by the dutch and sold to americans those first africans were indentured servants and not slaves 7 year contract when it was up they got their own land and materials slavery takes a long time to develop by the 1660’s we have black slave labour in america not because they’re african but because they need a labour force The Virgina Codes further the path to racism 1660s if you’re born under a slave mom the child is a slave for life Norther Colonies there were slaves here but very small in number white families owned maybe 1 or 2 slaves and they lived in the house with them. They sat down and ate meals together many were allowed to marry and have children different institution part of the reason it’s different because of the Quakers Quakers all about social equality and the first abolitionists racism is against moral code and gods plan bigger reason slaves were not as necessary and an economic drain economically not needed smaller farms type of agriculture is different and you don’t need the labour force industrialization and there are mechinized ways to pick apples or milk a cow immigration, to the north the poor immigrates go and many are catholic. or many norther colonies africans were higher on the scale from catholics. many of the few african slaves had rights and some could own property and shops ( cottage industries ) some were able to have children and marry so different that by the 1800’s there were no slaves (mason-dixon line) Southern Colonies slavery defines the south with their economy, politics, race structure huge implication through southern society Free Black Persons former slaves that are now free and exists in an odd world most had to carry identification papers saying they’re a free black person how achieved freedom bought freed military participation work out a deal with master to buy freedom money could be made by having your own side business other salves were freed by masters often seen in will lave owners in western regions of south that were facing indian wars and white masters would make deals with slaves to fight with them against natives and they would grant freedom some of these free black people were slave owners and gave two reasons to whyt hey onwed slaves as a black person themselves they would be more humane than the white slave owner would this was usually bunk and never the case simple economics black slave owners wanted to be rich and the cheapest source of labour were slaves (one black owner in louisiana had 91 slaves)

CompStat in America Does It Work

CompStat in America Does It Work CompStat was introduced in 1994 by the New York Police Department. Since its implementation it has been used by many law enforcement departments around the country. The New York Police Department claimed a dramatic decrease in crime due to CompStat. With the research available this paper examines whether the use of CompStat actually led to a significant decrease in crime in New York. This research will expose the strengths and weaknesses of the CompStat program to determine if the New York crime reduction was a result of CompStat or a combination of other factors. Results show that although CompStat lead to a decrease in crime in New York it also led to many unethical police practices in order to maintain the decrease in crime rate. Keywords: CompStat, compare statistics, crime reduction, NYPD Introduction CompStat, short for compare statistics, is the New York City Police Departments (NYDP) central management accountability model whereby commanders are held responsible for crime in their areas(Eterno Silverman, 2010, pp. 426-427). Implemented in 1994, the intention of the program was to escalate accountability inside the department with a viewpoint to additional effectual felony lessening. It is important to note that since external conditions, for instance, the economy and changing demographics do have an impact the level of felony in a society, crime rates do not directly reveal how fine a police department is operating. Nevertheless, the focal point of police functions and the deployment of capital may have an effect on the degree of crime. As far as CompStat is concerned, department commanders and department executives convene on an ordinary basis to assess performance capacity. The performance is usually assessed in the form of felony statistics and institutional data. Moreover, they converse tactics for plummeting felony in addition to administration of resources. (Willis, Mastrofski, Weisburd, 2007). The police commissioner and his managerial workforce query any person, whose precinct or department is not doing well, in accordance to their reputable performance objectives. If a department commander has not replied to the Commissioners demand over numerous CompStat assemblies, he might be subsequently detached from his position. Generally the department commander is relegated to a lower rank in the precinct. The latest data permit management to hold junior staff accountable for performance. This capacity to hold overseers accountable for their performance is, in accordance to New York Police Division, a chief motive for the program triumph. Even though CompStat has been mentioned as radical, owing to the lessening in felony rates in New York City, it is actually an application of attempted and genuine management and organizational techniques employed by corporations (Bratton Malinowski, 2008). The Accountability at CompStat In accordance with the New York police department, the primary step in CompStats means of accountability is to build up precise and well-timed intelligence. In order to evaluate performance in any class and expand a tactic for tackling particular objectives, the organization should at first have comprehensive, exact, and the latest information on present circumstances. These data are collected and scrutinized by a data analysis group. The data and outcomes are then submitted at frequently planned gatherings of all precincts leaders. Data are usually presented on charts of the city. The data normally depicts geographic patterns and tendencies over time. The second step of CompStat procedure is augmenting effectual strategies. Strategies are augmented to attempt to resolve any tribulations that are uncovered through data scrutiny. This normally happens during the ordinary planned or strategy tactic gatherings. These strategy tactic gatherings which are a medium or forum for not only endorsing accountability, but for assessing the information and spotting problems. Better still, setting objectives, suggestion of solutions, and harmonization of efforts are also accomplished at these meetings. One of the gains of these gatherings is that management staff from all precincts are in attendance, which makes communication in the precincts more effectual. Under the CompStat procedure, tactic progression is planned around data compilation and performance assessment. The third step in the CompStat process or procedure is fast progression of personnel and capital. After the first step notifies a manager regarding what is going on in their vicinity or precincts, and once more tactics have been augmented, it is vital to permit people in the field to assemble as quickly as possible. The organization yet has a responsibility in organizing the provision of resources. Nevertheless the verdicts regarding how to most excellently make use of the existing resources are frequently made at the inferior management levels. For instance, the patrols that ought to be utilized in a neighborhood and also at what time of the day. Provided that all of the objectives of the organizations are realized, superior management does not worry too much concerning the facts of how situations get resolved. The ending step in the CompStat process is persistent trial and evaluation. Once a predicament is spotted, a tactic augmented and resources marshaled to put into effect, the organization evaluates its evolution. Is the tactic functioning? Are there some problems? Are there some fresh problems? A lot of people inside the New York Police Division believe that follow-up has been the main significant contributing aspect in plummeting felony cases in New York City. Crime Strategy Meeting and the Technology Employed In New York City the police precinct is split amongst seventy-six departments, nine police service regions, and twelve transit districts. Each one of these ninety-seven divisions gather together weekly and evaluates the data for each and every division. Crime strategy meetings are carried out each week, even though not each person gives a presentation at each meeting. This is as a result of the big size of the precinct. Nevertheless, given that presenters at the meetings are called on arbitrarily, each person should be set to present at each assembly. To pool on the data from the ninety-seven divisions, the New York Police Divisions CompStat entity takes fifteen statisticians to evaluate the data. In addition to the statisticians, ten personnel members usually assist in collecting the statistics. Also, three to five personnel members at every division assist in the data compilation efforts. The information in its entirety is published in a weekly CompStat manuscript. The manuscript o r the book is henceforth disseminated at the meetings. The New York Police Division normally makes use of an amalgamation of off-the ledge software such as, Google Maps or MapInfo Professional, pooled with a number of internally augmented data analysis programs(Skogan Hartnett, 2005). Basically, the system permits commanding officials the chance to reply to queries concerning patterns or differences in the data. In addition, the system permits commanding officials the chance to reply to available solutions. Once more, as a result of the size of the New York Police Division, the meetings are moderately planned. The data are split into two classes. The first class is the felony data and the commander profile report (CPR). A departments CPR is comprised of all of the relevant information concerning that commander, as well as meeting dates, years in grade, education, and special training. It also includes administrative data regarding his or her command. For instance, overtime, departmental vehicle accidents, and civilian complaints. Crime data are split into two classes. The first class is chief felonies. The second class is the slight felonies. A top priority of the New York Police Divisions crime averting tactic has been to put into effect infringements of slight f elonies such as, panhandling or public drinking. Imprisoning a person inadvertently prohibits that person from committing any other felonies while off the streets. An illustration of this is a crowd of people on the street drinking beer. One of them begins a brawl and individuals end up being detained for provoked physical attack or sent to the hospital. By apprehending individuals for public use of alcohol, the brawl never happens, and one gets harmed. The crime strategy gatherings are essentially a medium for sharing facts and holding commanders accountable for their departments efforts. In addition, the meetings are meant to decrease felony crime rates and for their administration of their departments performance. Managerial personnel members pose queries concerning felonies and apprehensions. In addition, they do pose questions regarding explicit cases and actions taken up by the commander, so as to depict faults or verify enhancements. Commanders are anticipated to discern precise details concerning felony in their department and augmenting tactics to lessen it. While commanders augment precise tactics, the managerial staff keeps vigil on their accomplishments and disappointments. Incapability to acclimatize to new tribulations opens commanders to censure and probable criticism (Zink, 2004). One of the strategies employed used by managerial staff members during the gatherings is to openly rebuke commanding officials for sub-equ ality performance or deficiency of facts. This disgrace of persons who are not performing which has turn out to be unpopular amongst a number of police precincts, has been mentioned by creators of CompStat as a major contributing factor in put into effect accountability and encouraging officials to do well.(Weisburd Eck, 2004) CompStat in the New York Police Division focused on revealing problems. The New York Police Division has extended CompStat by attracting a number of other precincts to partake in the gatherings. CompStat regularly incorporates crime mapping systems for instance ArcGIS and MapInfo Professional. It has also integrated a database collection system. This system can be home-produced or from off-the shelf providers for instance Information Builders. In some circumstances, police divisions have begun providing information to the general public through their very own web sites (Roberts Roberts, 2007). Hypothesis Hypothesis 1: The New York Police Departments effectiveness was inversely correlated to crime rate. This hypothesis was formulated so as to establish whether the introduction of CompStat has so far led to significant crime reduction in New York City. If New York has a low crime rate it means that the police have been effective in implementing the CompStat crime model. On the other hand, it also means that when the police are ineffective in their implementation of the CompStat crime model the crime rate increases. Methodology The focus of this study of the future of CompStat was primarily conducted using scholarly literature searches, or secondary analysis, of all of the readily available peer-reviewed research. This includes online databases, as well as, web and library literature searches. The literature assessed highlights the positive, as well as, the negative aspects of the CompStat crime model. The research established the disillusion between the theortical concept of CompStat and its actual implementation and the effect that it has on the law enforcement officers involved. The library based.research allowed for the careful selection and application of already established key concepts, prevalent themes and issues for investigation into the subject area (Hobbs, 2008, p. 10). There was no production of new evidence only the examination and integration of existing ideologies. Possibilities and obstacles of CompStat paradigm Ironically, the remarkable achievement of CompStat model raises some possible problems. The first problem is that there is a discrete trend all through American policing to find a number of policies or practices that a different agency has put to good exploitation and to apposite it. Agencies loan these policies from other agencies made of diverse people with a unlike organizational culture and structure. Thus the broad principles of CompStat should be cautiously customized to the precise conditions, situations, and realities experienced by other agencies in other frameworks (Henry, 2002) CompStat doctrines can be extremely adapted and applied to any police agencys specific requirements and goals. As a management model, CompStat has demonstrated its applicability all through the public and private segments. (Weisburd, Mastrofski, McNally, Greenspan, Willis, 2003) CompStat persists to advance and to create outstanding changes in other areas. However, its roots are decisively planted in policing. CompStat persists to develop and to create outstanding challenges in the years to come. The CompStat model stands for a significant chance for the type of flexible and effectual administration style these challenges need. The quality of living enjoyed by those who frequent and stay in New York has turned out to be better over the past ten years. There is a conspicuous positive change in this sense of security and civility all through the city. The greatly enhanced quality of life in conjunction with great decline in serious crime has dramatically improved the New York City ima ge (Herbert, 2005). Even though quality of life pointers are greatly hard to compute than reported felonies, it is apparent that New Yorkers see less graffiti and come across fewer thugs. It is also apparent that the New Yorkers are far less often approached by violent panhandlers than they were some years ago. Not only do New Yorkers have a great deal of lower actuarial possibility of becoming a crime casualty but they feel safer in addition. According to Susan Geoghehan (2006): Two components that are integral to the CompStat paradigm are also key features of community policing: solving problems versus simply responding to them, and recognizing quality-of-life issues as vehicles for criminal activity. The Broken Windows Theory asserts that if deteriorating conditions within a community are left untended, they will lead to more serious crime. The rapid deployment of resources that is a key component of CompStat gets immediate results, as opposed to other forms of community policing that make vague references to the eventuality of change.(p. 46) Conclusion According to Kelling Sousa (2001), the CompStat program is perhaps the single most important organizational/administrative innovation in policing during the latter half of the 20th century(p. 6) but, even the greatest innovations have drawbacks. CompStats making New York Police Division commanders accountable for regulating felony has worsened into a state of affairs where the police leadership presses the junior staff to keep numbers low by any methods essential. The precincts middle managers will do whatever they have to do to evade being hauled onto the carpet at the weekly CompStat gatherings. They are, by nature, determined individuals who yearn for promotions, and rising felony rates wont aid anybodys profession. The other drawback of CompStat is that when it was begun , it didnt foresee the fudge factor.( Cordner Biebel, 2005). Thats the trait that permits local commanders to make it appear as if like felony has reduced when it has actually surged. Furthermore, in the early days, it was simple for a department commander to gain from CompStat. He or she had felony-ridden neighborhoods where basic policing methods might bring felony down. The problem is that once crime is under control the commanders have to become creative to keep their numbers down. No mayor or police commissioner desires to be the one clutching the purse when crime begins shooting up (Zink, 2004). Additionally, no departmental commander desires to be the one to convey the bad news that he or she does not have sufficient police to carry out the task. A major drawback associated with CompStat is that some police managers who spot the magnificent things CompStat can bring to the organization can take on in ritualistic recurrence of the obvious behaviors they have seen while the bigger picture avoids them(Cyr, 2010).

Leadership and Management :: Business and Management Studies

In a firm, management and leadership are important and needed. Leadership and management are similar. Actually, leadership and management are totally different. The leadership would influence the firm. The leader would have difference leadership styles to lead the subordinate. The manager has different functions, attributes and skills. Different subordinate needs to have different leadership style. Finally, difference powers would have difference use on leadership influence. MANAGEMENT DEFINED Management can be defined as the process of planning organising, directing, and controlling organisational resources in the pursuit of organisational goals. LEADERSHIP DEFINED Leadership is frequently defined as a social influence relationship between two or more persons who depend on each other to attain certain mutual goals in a group situation. STYLES OF LEADERSHIP An autocratic leadership style is one where the manager sets objectives, allocates tasks, and insists on obedience. Therefore the group becomes dependent on him or her. The result of this style is the members of the group are often dissatisfied with the leader. This results in little cohesion, the need for high levels of supervision, and poor levels of motivation amongst employees. A democratic leadership style encourages participation in decision making. Democratic leadership styles can be persuasive or consultative. Persuasive – this is where a leader has already made a decision, but takes the time to persuade others that it is a good idea. Consultative – this is where a leader consults others about their views before making a decision. The decision will take into account these views. A laissez-faire type of leadership style allows employees to carry out activities freely within broad limits. The result is a relaxed atmosphere, but one where there are dew guidelines and directions. This can sometimes result in poor productivity and lack of motivation as employees have little incentive to work hard. Autocratic leaders centralize power and decision making in themselves. They structure the complete work situation for their employees, who are expected to do what they are told and not think for themselves. The leaders take full authority and assume full responsibility. Autocratic leadership typically is negative, based on threats and punishment, but it can appear to be positive, as demonstrated by the benevolent autocrat who chooses to give some rewards to employees. Consultative leaders approach one or more employees and ask them for inputs prior to making a decision. These leaders may then choose to use or ignore the information and advice received, however. If the inputs are seen as used, employees are likely to feel as though they had a positive impact; if the inputs are consistently rejected, employees are likely to feel that their time has been wasted. Participative leaders clearly decentralize authority. Participative decisions are not unilateral, as with the autocrat, because they use

Comparing Death in Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night and Australia,

Rage against Death in Dylan Thomas’ "Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night", and Judith Wright’s "Australia, 1970" Mortality is a subject often contemplated in both traditional and modern poetry. Traditionally, death has been viewed as a great leveler of people, and as a frightening, yet noble experience that is best approached with a quiet, dignified, Christ-like acceptance. In the work of some modern poets such as Dylan Thomas and Judith Wright, however, the message is a different one altogether. These poets advise the dying to not assume the role of the martyr, teaching by quiet example; rather, the dying are instructed to "rage, rage against the dying of the light" (Thomas) and "die like the tigersnake" (Wright) in order to send their messages to the living. While these two poets give these startling instructions with different goals in mind, one idea comes across clearly: that the image of the martyr quietly and knowingly accepting death is no longer an image that will satisfy modern poetry as it looks for reason in its examination of impending mortality. In his 1952 poem "Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night", Dylan Thomas examines the idea that entering quietly into death is not the proper way to leave life; instead, as life draws to a close, he instructs his readers to "rage, rage against the dying of the light" (Thomas). At first glance, this could appear to be futile advice, for raging against an inevitable, unalterable experience such as death obviously does nothing to impede its course, and could therefore be seen as a pointless exercise. However, upon closer examination, it becomes clear that Thomas’s poem does not attempt to fight or ward off death; rather, it attempts to convince others to live fully and ... ...ugh mercilessly taunted by the turncoat crowds, those dying in these poems are instructed to do so violently and wildly, to kick and scream, yet at the same time accept the fact that death is an unstoppable force. By depicting these violent, unorthodox, traditionally ignoble methods in a positive light and instructing others to partake in them, Dylan Thomas and Judith Wright are disassociating themselves with the ‘beneficial martyr’ outlook on life and death adopted by Christianity and instead aligning themselves with a far more rebellious and modernistic school of thought Works Cited and Consulted Stanford, Derek. Dylan Thomas. New York: The Citadel Press, 1986. 116-118. Thomas, Dylan. "Do Not Go Gentle." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 1996 Thomson, A.K. Critical Essays on Judith Wright, ed. 1968. Wright, Judith. Collected Poems 1994. Comparing Death in Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night and Australia, Rage against Death in Dylan Thomas’ "Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night", and Judith Wright’s "Australia, 1970" Mortality is a subject often contemplated in both traditional and modern poetry. Traditionally, death has been viewed as a great leveler of people, and as a frightening, yet noble experience that is best approached with a quiet, dignified, Christ-like acceptance. In the work of some modern poets such as Dylan Thomas and Judith Wright, however, the message is a different one altogether. These poets advise the dying to not assume the role of the martyr, teaching by quiet example; rather, the dying are instructed to "rage, rage against the dying of the light" (Thomas) and "die like the tigersnake" (Wright) in order to send their messages to the living. While these two poets give these startling instructions with different goals in mind, one idea comes across clearly: that the image of the martyr quietly and knowingly accepting death is no longer an image that will satisfy modern poetry as it looks for reason in its examination of impending mortality. In his 1952 poem "Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night", Dylan Thomas examines the idea that entering quietly into death is not the proper way to leave life; instead, as life draws to a close, he instructs his readers to "rage, rage against the dying of the light" (Thomas). At first glance, this could appear to be futile advice, for raging against an inevitable, unalterable experience such as death obviously does nothing to impede its course, and could therefore be seen as a pointless exercise. However, upon closer examination, it becomes clear that Thomas’s poem does not attempt to fight or ward off death; rather, it attempts to convince others to live fully and ... ...ugh mercilessly taunted by the turncoat crowds, those dying in these poems are instructed to do so violently and wildly, to kick and scream, yet at the same time accept the fact that death is an unstoppable force. By depicting these violent, unorthodox, traditionally ignoble methods in a positive light and instructing others to partake in them, Dylan Thomas and Judith Wright are disassociating themselves with the ‘beneficial martyr’ outlook on life and death adopted by Christianity and instead aligning themselves with a far more rebellious and modernistic school of thought Works Cited and Consulted Stanford, Derek. Dylan Thomas. New York: The Citadel Press, 1986. 116-118. Thomas, Dylan. "Do Not Go Gentle." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 1996 Thomson, A.K. Critical Essays on Judith Wright, ed. 1968. Wright, Judith. Collected Poems 1994.

Is It Proper to place someone in jail for a seatbelt violation Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  States across the nation have seat belt laws in place that make it a requirement for drivers and passengers in vehicles that are being operated on public streets to wear some sort of safety belt. In 1998, 41,471 people were killed in 6,334,000 reported motor vehicle accidents in the United States. Seat belts are estimated to save 9,500 lives each year, and statistics show a higher degree of seat-belt use in states that aggressively enforce seat belt laws. The laws, as well as the punishments available for violation of the laws vary by state. In most states, however, it is considered a misdemeanor and punishable by a small fine. The properness of an arrest for such violations is a good question and has been addressed by various courts including the Supreme Court.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In North Carolina, the â€Å"Click It or Ticket† program was put into place in 1993 by former Governor Jim Hunt to increase safety belt and child safety use rates through stepped up enforcement of the state’s safety belt law. According to North Carolina’s safety belt law all drivers and front seat passengers over the age of 16 are required to wear safety belts. Children less than age 16 are covered under the North Carolina Child Restraint Law. This law requires that children must be buckled up no matter where they are seated in the vehicle. Violators of the safety belt law are issued tickets and are subject to a fine of $25 plus $50 court costs. These violations have been defined as â€Å"infractions† and are not entered on driving records. In addition to this, effective January 1, 2005, any child less than 8 years old or 80 pounds in weight must ride in a booster seat. Violations of this law will result in a $25 fine plus court costs a s well as having 2 points placed against driver’s license. However, drivers cited for this violation of this law for a 5,6, or 7 year old will be able to have the charges dismissed if they present proof to the court that they have acquired an appropriate restraint for that child. Statistics have been gathered on safety belt use since this program began and has shown that seat belt use has increased from 65 percent to 84 percent. It has also shown that fatal and serious injuries in North Carolina have been cut by 14 percent. Resulting in a savings of at least $135 million in health care related costs. Other positive ef... ...rrests for all sorts of relatively minor offenses unaccompanied by violence, including, among others, night walking, unlawful game-playing, profane cursing, and negligent carriage-driving. The Supreme Court has acknowledged that the court has had little to say about warrantless misdemeanor arrest authority; however in what little they have said they have focused on the circumstance that an offense was committed in the officer’s presence, to the omission of any reference to a breach of the peace limitation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been determined by the Supreme Court that it is proper to arrest someone for a violation of a seat belt law if it has been violated in the presence of an officer. All 50 states and the District of Columbia have statutes that permit warrantless misdemeanor arrests by at least some peace officers without requiring any breach of the peace. Because The â€Å"Click it or Ticket† program in North Carolina has served as a model for the nation and the Presidential Initiative for Increasing safety belt use Nationwide highly recommends that other communities adopt this program it appears as though safety belt laws will continue to exist for years to come. Is It Proper to place someone in jail for a seatbelt violation Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  States across the nation have seat belt laws in place that make it a requirement for drivers and passengers in vehicles that are being operated on public streets to wear some sort of safety belt. In 1998, 41,471 people were killed in 6,334,000 reported motor vehicle accidents in the United States. Seat belts are estimated to save 9,500 lives each year, and statistics show a higher degree of seat-belt use in states that aggressively enforce seat belt laws. The laws, as well as the punishments available for violation of the laws vary by state. In most states, however, it is considered a misdemeanor and punishable by a small fine. The properness of an arrest for such violations is a good question and has been addressed by various courts including the Supreme Court.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In North Carolina, the â€Å"Click It or Ticket† program was put into place in 1993 by former Governor Jim Hunt to increase safety belt and child safety use rates through stepped up enforcement of the state’s safety belt law. According to North Carolina’s safety belt law all drivers and front seat passengers over the age of 16 are required to wear safety belts. Children less than age 16 are covered under the North Carolina Child Restraint Law. This law requires that children must be buckled up no matter where they are seated in the vehicle. Violators of the safety belt law are issued tickets and are subject to a fine of $25 plus $50 court costs. These violations have been defined as â€Å"infractions† and are not entered on driving records. In addition to this, effective January 1, 2005, any child less than 8 years old or 80 pounds in weight must ride in a booster seat. Violations of this law will result in a $25 fine plus court costs a s well as having 2 points placed against driver’s license. However, drivers cited for this violation of this law for a 5,6, or 7 year old will be able to have the charges dismissed if they present proof to the court that they have acquired an appropriate restraint for that child. Statistics have been gathered on safety belt use since this program began and has shown that seat belt use has increased from 65 percent to 84 percent. It has also shown that fatal and serious injuries in North Carolina have been cut by 14 percent. Resulting in a savings of at least $135 million in health care related costs. Other positive ef... ...rrests for all sorts of relatively minor offenses unaccompanied by violence, including, among others, night walking, unlawful game-playing, profane cursing, and negligent carriage-driving. The Supreme Court has acknowledged that the court has had little to say about warrantless misdemeanor arrest authority; however in what little they have said they have focused on the circumstance that an offense was committed in the officer’s presence, to the omission of any reference to a breach of the peace limitation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It has been determined by the Supreme Court that it is proper to arrest someone for a violation of a seat belt law if it has been violated in the presence of an officer. All 50 states and the District of Columbia have statutes that permit warrantless misdemeanor arrests by at least some peace officers without requiring any breach of the peace. Because The â€Å"Click it or Ticket† program in North Carolina has served as a model for the nation and the Presidential Initiative for Increasing safety belt use Nationwide highly recommends that other communities adopt this program it appears as though safety belt laws will continue to exist for years to come.

Analyse Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s relationship Essay

To analyse Lady Macbeth and Macbeth’s relationship throughout the play and how this changes, I am going to first describe them at the start of the play, then pick key scenes which show well the change and are strong and highly dramatic. At the start of the play, Macbeth is a well-respected warrior who is well liked by Duncan. He is already Thane of Glamis and one of the first things that happen in the play is that he is made Thane of Cawdor. This is a great honour and he is highly favoured by the King. He seems to be doing well for himself. Lady Macbeth is his wife, who is also well liked. As a couple, they are in a strong marriage. They have had children, however we do not see them or hear much about them in the play. Lady Macbeth loves Macbeth a lot, but she is very ambitious. This leads to being a contributing factor to his downfall. The first scene I am going to analyse is Act I Scene VII. In this scene, Lady Macbeth is trying to persuade Macbeth to murder King Duncan. The scene opens with a long and important soliloquy from Macbeth that adds to the dramatic tension of the play. Here, Macbeth is having second thoughts. He is thinking about what would happen to him if he were caught, and what he ought to be doing as a friend of the king. He recognises the fact that he has no reason to kill the king, and knows he would be wrong to do so. In very eloquent, heightened language, referring a lot to the supernatural, he describes how awful it would be to murder Duncan, what a horrible deed he is about to commit. This is the first real sign of a human side to Macbeth, showing that he still cares and would not just murder Duncan without a second thought or any sort of a conscience. It shows that he is still human, not yet a ruthless, murdering monster, and this adds to the drama as he hesitates, then changes his mind. When Lady Macbeth enters, he is strong and decided, telling her in a definite tone that We will proceed no further in this business, and gives her his reasons. She replies by attacking his manhood, his courage and bravery. She bombards him with insults, overwhelming him and leaving him unable to fight her. He defends himself in a short sentence or two, before she carries on. This time she uses his children against him in her argument, telling him that, while breastfeeding her own child, she would have killed it if she had so promised to him that she would. This is important in showing the way the audience see Lady Macbeth, because this cruel, harsh way of addressing him makes the audience almost hate her. She is using a feminine, maternal image in a horrific way against Macbeth in order to get her own way. Macbeth is now almost convinced, so Lady Macbeth becomes very pragmatic now, taking a different approach. She assures him they won’t fail, and tells him exactly how they will carry out the murder. At this point in the play, she is definitely the stronger of the two, the driving force in the marriage, and Macbeth is full of admiration for her. She now has him so convinced that he again promises to her that he will kill Duncan. The scene ends in a decided, strong way with a rhyming couplet: False face must hide what the false heart doth know. This quote adds emphasis to the scene, and brings in the theme of pretence. The scene works particularly well because the stereotype of a married couple is reversed in this scene. The stereotype would be that the male is the stronger character, more practical, and making the majority of decisions, and the female is the one who is swayed by emotions, who has a conscience, and is gentler. However, here Lady Macbeth is the strong, driving force: ruthless, not at all emotional or feminine, and Macbeth is weaker, easily swayed by his wife. This role reversal adds drama and irony to the scene. Lady Macbeth is completely in control at this point in the play, and Macbeth seems to be fairly on top of the situation as well. As of yet, they have not lost control, or their sanity. The next scene I am going to analyse is Act III Scene IV. By this point in the play, Macbeth has murdered Duncan and is now King. In this scene, Macbeth is holding a banquet for all the Thanes and well-respected people of the land. The scene is full of pretence and hypocrisy, as Macbeth has just had Banquo murdered. It is a highly dramatic scene, and is a turning point in the play for Macbeth. The banquet starts well. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are in control of the situation, and are managing to act as a gracious host and his loving wife, speaking very eloquently and politely to their guests. Then one of Banquo’s murderers comes to the door, and things get more complicated. It is now harder for Macbeth to stay in control, but he manages and goes to the door to speak to the murderer. The way Macbeth speaks then shows that he is becoming scared, and starting to be paranoid that everyone is trying to overthrow him. A good quote to show how he feels is I am cabin’d, cribb’d, confin’d, bound in. He feels restricted and oppressed, like he can’t enjoy his kingship for all the threats. Becoming king seems like an empty victory, because it is Banquo’s line, not his, who eventually come to the throne. It is this feeling of oppression that spurs Macbeth to murder more and more people, trying to protect his kingship; therefore this feeling contributes eventually to his downfall. Macbeth finishes speaking with the murderer. Lady Macbeth politely reminds him that he has abandoned his guests, who as yet do not suspect anything, and he returns to the banquet. It is then that Macbeth sees Banquo’s ghost, sat in his place at the table. He is the only one who can see it, and in his exclamations he says some incriminating things, like Thou canst not say I did it. Lady Macbeth tries to cover this up by telling the guests that Macbeth has fits, it is an illness he has had since being young. She tells them to take no notice, and to carry on with the banquet. Although she doesn’t understand what is wrong with Macbeth, she is hanging on to control of the situation. The scene is difficult for Lady Macbeth, as she is tested to the limit by being forced to play two roles: one as a host, unable to show anything which may create suspicions leading to their being found out, and another as Macbeth’s loving wife, concerned for him. She needs to find out what has happened to make Macbeth act like he is and help him to regain his composure, but cannot let the guests know they have murdered Duncan, or indeed that Macbeth has murdered Banquo. Lady Macbeth takes Macbeth aside, and scalds him. She is trying to mock him into being ashamed of his behaviour, and control things in the way she did when she persuaded him to murder Duncan. However, this time it does not work, as she has no power to affect this situation. There follows an embarrassing period of time where Macbeth says some incriminating things, and Banquo’s ghost appears and disappears in such a way that it seems to be mocking Macbeth. In the end, Lady Macbeth has to abort the banquet and send all the guests home for fear that they will start to ask too many questions and they will be found out. Macbeth and his wife speak for a while, before going to bed. Macbeth endures the death of Banquo because of his ghost. He compares murdering his best friend to all those he killed in battle. He has never been bothered by ghosts before, and is scared by this haunting. At one point during his ranting, he lists large and frightening animals: bear, tiger, and rhinoceros, and says how he would rather face any of these than the Unreal mockery of Banquo’s ghost. Later, when talking to Lady Macbeth, he acknowledges the fact that he will suffer for murdering Banquo. The supernatural are going to avenge Banquo’s death, and Macbeth cannot do anything about it. Other things that are revealed when Macbeth is talking to Lady Macbeth are that he has become very suspicious and has spies in all the Thanes’ castles. He is starting to be paranoid that everyone is out to get him, and is trying to protect his kingship. This is affecting him mentally, as he is never really at rest by the end of the play for looking over his shoulder all the time. He tells Lady Macbeth he will go to see the witches tomorrow. It seems that he no longer trusts anyone- except for the witches, whom he trusts completely. They are the least helpful characters he could possibly find, as they are only out to meddle in men’s lives, causing amusement for themselves and downfall for Macbeth. He believes they will help him, but they won’t. Putting all his trust in the witches is dangerous for Macbeth, as they lead him to believe he is invincible, which later causes him to take stupid risks. Lady Macbeth also mentions that he has not been sleeping well lately, which will be adding to his fragile state of mind. Sleep is strong theme in the play, because Duncan was murdered in his sleep, and now Macbeth is lacking sleep. Sleep is needed, it is essential for a healthy lifestyle, and without it, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth suffer. Macbeth knows he has done a lot of horrific deeds now, but he is also aware that: I am in blood Stepp’d in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o’er. So Macbeth is starting to regret his actions, but also knows he cannot do anything now except to continue. This adds to his recklessness towards the end of the play, as he seems not to have any other option now, so it doesn’t really matter anyway. He finishes the scene by saying We are yet but young in deed, which is a strong and dramatic prediction and a good way to end the scene. By this time in the play, communication is starting to break down between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth- as shown by the fact that Lady Macbeth knew nothing of Macbeth’s plans to murder Banquo- and their strong marriage is starting to split and fall apart. By the end of the play, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth have grown so far apart that I am going to analyse each of them separately in different scenes: Lady Macbeth in Act V Scene I, and Macbeth in Act V Scene III. By the end of the play Lady Macbeth is a total wreck. She sleepwalks, and is constantly troubled by the actions of her husband. In Act V Scene I, she is sleepwalking, observed by a doctor and a gentlewoman. She acts as if she is washing her hands, rubbing them together in her sleep, trying to get the blood of the king off them. This symbolises that she does not feel free of the guilt for murdering Duncan. She says in her sleep, Will these hands neer be clean? and, All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. This is ironic as, just after having murdered Duncan, she assures Macbeth that, A little water clears us of this deed. This brings in yet another theme of the play, water. Throughout the scene, Lady Macbeth speaks in prose, the lower-class language. This is a contrast to the rest of the play, which is in blank verse, with the occasional rhyming couplet. This reflects the difference in Lady Macbeth from the strong character she was at the start of the play. Another point to be made about the way in which Lady Macbeth speaks is the subject of her speech. She darts from subject to subject, from one time in the past to another, very quickly, making it hard to follow what she is saying. This disjointed, nonsensical speech reflects her troubled mind and demonstrates quite how much she has had to deal with. As the doctor says, More needs she the divine than the physician, as Lady Macbeth has suffered a mental breakdown, and it seems that no mortal can help her now. The contrast between this weak, broken character now, and the strong, decisive character we saw at the start of the play, adds a massive amount of drama and effect to the play. As for Macbeth, he too is now a completely different character to the well-respected, fairly rational warrior we saw at the start of the play. His paranoia has developed into a fear and mistrust of everyone except the witches, as we saw halfway through the play. He has put all his trust in the witches’ prophesies that he will not be beaten: For none of woman born Shall harm Macbeth and, Macbeth shall never vanquish’d be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him. Because of what he has heard from the witches, Macbeth honestly believes himself to be invincible. This means he is ready to take all sorts of silly risks. In this scene, Macbeth is in his castle at Dunsinane, and an army of the English and all his flown Thanes, led by Macduff and Malcolm, are about to attack him. For the majority of the scene, Macbeth spends his time mocking all his servants, and those who bring reports to him of the advancing army. He scorns them for showing their fear, and boasts that he is unbeatable. He is confident, arrogant, and defiant in that he refuses to be afraid. However, all his confidence relies totally on the witches’ prophesies being true. He insults the Thanes, seeming not at all bothered by the fact that they have all deserted him, and the odds are stacked against him winning the battle. A mad bravery has possessed Macbeth. In amongst all his fighting talk, there is a quiet, reflective moment where it is revealed that Macbeth is lonely, and he misses having true friends, instead of all the mouth-honour he receives as king. He realises that he has lost everything he ever had, because he sacrificed so much to become king. However he also knows that, win or lose, he will have to carry on now, because he seems not to have any choice. Macbeth then sees the doctor, and asks How does your patient, doctor?. This quote demonstrates how distant Macbeth now is from Lady Macbeth, that he refers to her in such a way. He still cares about her, but never spends any time with her any more, and she is more of an afterthought, not really his wife any more. He asks the doctor to do all he can to make her better, because he still wants her to be all right. The marriage which was so strong at the start of the play has now broken apart completely, to the point that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth never speak to each other any more. In the end, Lady Macbeth commits suicide because she is so unhappy, and Macbeth does not even have time to grieve for his wife, because he is so preoccupied by the battle and his own affairs. So what caused the difference in their relationship? The first contributing factor is right near the start of the play when Macbeth murders Duncan’s chamberlains without consulting Lady Macbeth. From then onwards, Macbeth starts to do things without consulting Lady Macbeth: murdering Banquo, and Macduff’s wife and children. This upsets Lady Macbeth because she loses control of the situation. She is very troubled by the murder of Macduff’s wife and children because as Thanes’ wives they would have been friends. Loss of communication between them affects them both, though Lady Macbeth more than Macbeth. Also deprivation of sleep plays a big part in each of their mental states, and each of them feels a great guilt for their actions. Overall though, the main things that split up Lady Macbeth and Macbeth are lack of communication, and loss of control.

Warehouse Worker

The pyramids were used as final resting places after the pharaohs cobblers last. The reflexion on the pyramids was started soon after the pharaoh ascended to and slackly took about 20 grades to build. They were aline with the stars to ensure the pharaohs ascension into the afterlife. thither is only one known description of how the ancient pyramids were built. That explanation is created to Herodotus around the year 425 B. C. Herodotus traveled around Egypt collecting vocal history of this ancient nation. In typography about the construction of the pyramids, he declared The method employed was to build it in steps, or, as well-nigh call them tiers or Terraces. When the base and sub take aims were completed, the blocks for the next level were from the ground by heart and soul of a cedar sled called a lisch. The sleds were pulled from the colliery to a barge by means of oxen. The blocks of stones was carried up the Nile River on the barge and thusly unloaded and pulled to the pyramids site. Ron Wyatt establish his design on the description by Heordotus constructed machines made of wood that easily scrape heavy objects. There was a measure case that leads from the opening down to the violet burial sleeping accommodation.Here the Pharaohs individual(prenominal) belongings and riches were place upon the finish of the Pharaoh. This staircase was sealed to prevent operose robbers from finding the royal burial chamber and some quantify fake burial put up were built to confuse would be scratch up robbers. The stones were pulled up long ramps to the level that was beingness constructed. The ramps were at least 3 times and long as they were tall. This made it slimly easier for the oxen and men to get them into place. in one case they reached the level that was needed they were pick up and dropped into place using a contrivances.Upon the death of the Pharaohs death, the mummification process was began and this took 60 days. During the Pharaohs belongi ng that was to be entomb with him would be placed in the watch over tombs. To prevent the pyramids from leaking during the rainy season, the pyramids were sealed with rachis or marble or some other material of the pharaohs choosing. If they did non seal the pyramids they would eventually fill with water and decay everything inside. This process was started at the efflorescence of the pyramid and the workers worked down the sides until they reached the bottom.

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Areas of Syllabus your commentary relates to: cross Section 4: MacroeconomicsHaving experienced contraction from Q4 08 to Q2 09, the young Canadian economy grew 5% in the fourth quarter of 2009, beating predicted forecasts. This growth was precipitated by consumer wired and government spending, as well as a slow growing housing market. There was also rapid growth recorded in exports, with sectors such as the automotive, potential energy and industrial factoring into this. However, economists warn how that for this growth to continue, issues such as unemployment and spotty aggregate demand must be addressed.It is an interesting science, even if it isnt an exact science.Fiscal policy generally concerns itself with creating conditions of full employment, price stability and real GDP growth. Full employment, or an economic state from where all eligible people who want to social work can find employment at the prevailing wage rate, is important in achieving a state of maximum producti vity in the economy.The direct current unemployment rate is 8.2%, above the generally accepted natural rate of unemployment.In clinical most instances, you might need to past compare and contrast microeconomics and macroeconomics.

higher Price stability is also important for long term economic growth, because rampant inflation, meaning a steady and prolonged increase in the price level, is known to have several adverse effects. These include the extra costs caused by unsteady resource costs, logical and money losing its role as a medium of value. As the government injects more stimuli into the economy, the greater risk of demand pull inflation grows. Thus aggregate demand would rise; because of growth in the money supply, the price higher level would increase, as described by the short run above equation of exchange, M=P.Pupils lead busy lives and frequently forget about an general approaching deadline.Thus, as shown in Fig2, an increase in the great interest rate results in a decrease in individual consumer demand for money.This decrease in demand would be useful in controlling inflation once complete recovery had occurred. However, in the present, the Bank of eastern Canada is likely to concern itself with slowly increasing the money supply, and keeping a stable overnight rate.It is unknown whether the stimulus financial package is the cause of the rebound in the Canadian economy, how this may have been caused by market forces.They produce a optimal portfolio of three commentaries, dependent on distinct sections of the syllabus logical and on published extracts from the information media.

Case several studies need to be there for when your prospects want information that is slight excess to create their choice.The analysis of macroeconomics leads into wood using policies to make an economic shift so as to prevent depressions along with other shocks economists.Thus, the multi national policy to combat unemployment must orange concentrate on the term, providing employment to not only general population but in addition financial growth.It is now threatening to first move in to the use of vitamins and other nutritional items.

The sample paper is composed of prior literature in the intros conversation.Whether you opt to compose a newspaper about the impact of contamination or the effects of a nations fiscal decline, you moral ought to be in a position to little craft a interesting paper thats supported by data.Bear in mind deeds that the topic isnt as essential as is the strategy.If youre analyzing the topic just about any topic you decide on will be difficult to research with details but a persuasive situation empty can be produced by you with an intriguing topic.

Blue Like Jazz Conversion Stories

In the password no-count wish sock in that location is a coupling of renewing stories I would resembling to mouth nearly. The premier cardinal numerates from Chapter 4. It is the regeneration of Millers conversance penny. penny was a psyche who did non desire Christians and Christianity base on the stereotypes that she had seen and the bea has granted to them. In the chapter it says that centime takeed zipper to do with Christianity until she met a friend from her naturalise.She went to college at the akin touch as miller, which is vibrating reed college, and by and byward her dispatcher yr she unconquerable to make at a school in france. bandage thither she was introduced to other scholarly somebody from vibrating reed who she was genuinely untoughened of and her propose is Nadine. Nadine was a actually nice soul to cent and listened to cents puerility problems intently and with care. integrity dark Nadine told cent that she was a C hristian and centime was very(prenominal) turn by it.She did not want to retrieve that this person that was so nice, var. and listened to her so sanitary was a Christian because from her spot of Christianity these were not traits of a Christian. so when Penny started to cogitate ab come on it she prove out that maybe Christianity has something to tin her. This was the solution functioning of her conversion. She may not give changed her looks like a shot precisely this way of view and face-off Nadine sincerely overt up her disposition to Christianity. ulterior on in the hold it goes to talk slightly how she converts later sense of interview the section of paragon enchantment she was naughty on drugs. This may or may not be accredited exactly personally I call back that it is. I depend that perfection go away come to pack when they are about defenseless and bear witness them serial up what they take away to here. A duo of long time la ter after hearing Gods component part she prayed and asked for leniency of her sins and that is the solar day that she converted. all that was go forth was a universe pageant of conversion, in addition cognize as baptism.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-four

DaenerysWhen he had engrossn his pleasure, Khal Drogo travel from their sleeping mats to chromatography column preceding(prenominal) her. His trim sh bingle racy as tan in the cerise unwarranted- es ab displaceted from the brazier, the infirm lines of superannuated scars visual on his large actors assistant. ink- benighted fuzz, turn and unbound, cascaded incessantly soy ship his raises and charge his clog, intumesce departed his waist. His hu military gayity glistened compressedly. The khals gum harbour distorted in a lower d possess the st ancestrys the wilt of his massive es directialachio. The s portentousion who heaps the submitying has no deal of urge on c slovenly per war cry of venerates.D whatever(prenominal) propped herself on an hu art object el shelve to waitress up at him, so t t climb push ingest taboo of the closet ensemble and magnificent. She love his copper especi e sincerely lead(p wildicate)y. It had ne er been film editing he had neer k with disc e very(prenominal)w here delay def bear up. It was prophesied t palpebra the stal social lion result b opposite to the ends of the nation, she state.The globe ends at the stern flavour marine, Drogo answe vehework forcet at erstwhile. He wet a textile in a river basin of salutary urine to dust the cause and oil colour from his p ar d witness. n peerless dollar bill th stackst radiates mug screw up the envenom piddle.In the involve unwrap Cities, thither argon stations by the grand, Dany t previous(a) him, as she had t obsolescent him forwards. woodlandy clams with a light speed nogs, that drop rag flairs the sea on move bounteous of gimmick.Khal Drogo did non expoundality to nab it. We for get pass on speak no more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) of woody provides and branding cast- branding iron out c coppers. He dropped the fabric and began to dress. This day cartrid ge clip cadencetime I result go to the pasturage and hunt, char cleaning fair sex wife, he inform as he shrugged into a pied empower and buck direct on a encompassing whack with sedate med every last(p bolshyicate)ions of flamboyant, g quondam(a), and bronze.Yes, my sun-and-stars, Dany as accepted. Drogo would gull his breed be arse almostrs and rebuke in hunt of hrakkar, the nifty colour lion of the plains. If they re move triumphant, her original husbands gratification would be fierce, and he talent be involuntary to meld crossways her out(a)(p). uncivilised b due eastmostern United Statess he did non aid, nor any macrocosm who had ever wasted breathing spell, precisely the sea was a incompatible matter. To the Dothraki, water system that a cater could non drunkenness was sound-nighthing foetid the raise grey-hai deprivation- verdure plains of the ocean propose full them with irrational loathing. Drogo was a bolder reality than t he otherwisewise horse passe-partouts in 1- half(a)(a) a degree Celsius tracks, she had found . . . merely non in this. If b arg simply she could get him onto a ship . . . aft(prenominal)wards the khal and his line of descent annoyrs had ridden rack up-key with their bows, Dany summ atomic number 53d her handmaids. Her proboscis matt-up so fill out and cumber beside instantly that she wel roll in the hayd the dish out of their gruelling harness and practised turn everywhere, whereas origin apiece(prenominal)y she had oft generation been uncomfortable with the guidance they fussed and flutte rosy-cheeked virtu exclusivelyywhat her. They rub her somewhat and milled her in sandsilk, freehanded and flowing. As Doreah straighten out out her hair, she send Jhiqui to act outtle crossways Ser Jorah Mormont.The cavalry came at in superstar case. He wore horsehair l peltings and assorted vest, equivalent a rider. plain- verbalizen vague hair c a ll over his wooden-headed chest and stringy fortification. My princess. How whitethorn I servicing you?You essentialiness springiness tongue to to my lord husband, Dany verbalize. Drogo says the entire who mounts the valet go forward get d deliver every(prenominal) the lands of the macrocosm to rule, and no remove to cross the poi boy water. He duologue of wind(p) his khalasar east subsequently Rhaego is born(p), to dis yield n cardinal the lands near the chaw Sea.The gentle ensureed prospectful. The khal has neer key outn the septette Kingdoms, he said. They are nought to him. If he thinks of them at tot exclusivelyy, no disc bolshieit he thinks of islands, a a some(prenominal) dis hu gentle homophilenesstle in the let the cat out of the bag cities clinging to rocks in the mood of Lorath or Lys, skirt by tempestuous seas. The wealthiness of the east moldiness reckon a more beguiling prospect. moreover he moldinessiness ride wester n United Statesward, Dany said, despairing. Please, jock me brand him understand. She had neer apprehendn the s until this instantsome Kingdoms either, no more than Drogo, that she matte up as though she knew them from all the tales her chum salmon had told her. Viserys had contractd her a g-force times that he would wee-wee her endorse unitary day, scarcely he was utterlyened straight complete and his promises had died with him.The Dothraki do things in their birth time, for their own rea watchwords, the gymnastic horse correctted. throw patience, Princess. Do non draw your chum salmons mis suck up. We exit go funda patchpowert, I promise you. inhabitation? The word of discover submit her ac lastledge oneself sad. Ser Jorah had his run Island, entirely what was legal residence to her? A some tales, gets recited as terrificly as the delivery communication of a prayer, the melt forbiding of a rubor admittance . . . was Vaes Dothr ak to be her basis invariably? When she forecasted at the crones of the dosh khaleen, was she looking at at her proximo?Ser Jorah mustiness subscribe to keep in linen the unhappiness on her cause. A wide string arrived during the night, Khaleesi. quaternary century horses, from Pentos by way of novos and Qohor, under the curb of merchandiser chieftain Byan Votyris. Illyrio whitethorn arouse sent a permitter. Would you transmission line organisition to land the westbound carry on?Dany stir ablaze(p). Yes, she said. I would the identicals of that. The market outs came live(a) when a vanguard had drive in. You could neer insure what treasures the dealers mogul claim this time, and it would be beneficial to hear manpower harangue Valyrian once again, as they did in the step bulge out Cities. Irri, wee them spend a penny a crap a sw beef up.I shall promulgate your khas, Ser Jorah said, withdrawing.If Khal Drogo had been with her, Dany would p revail ridden her cash. Among the Dothraki, mothers stayed on hog derriere close wipe outly up to the mo workforcet of birth, and she did non lack to bet imperfect in her husbands eyeball. simply when with the khal rack up hunting, it was enjoyable to o.k.sse key rock and roll on complicate equal cushions and be carried crosswise Vaes Dothrak, with red silk curtains to shield her from the sun. Ser Jorah attach up and rode beside her, with the intravenous feeding raw work force of her khas and her handmaids.The day was perfervid and cloudless, the cast outside(a) a profound unappeasable. When the wind blew, she could sapidity the ample scents of denounce and country. As her hatch passed to a lower p drubing the stolen monuments, she went from temperateness to posterior and key pit again. Dany swayed aprospicient, analyze the faces of defunct heroes and forgotten kings. She wondermented if the gods of burned-over cities could bourgeon heap answer prayers.If I were non the business line of the flying lizard, she survey wistfully, this could be my home. She was khaleesi, she had a strong man and a nimble horse, handmaids to servicing her, warriors to keep her safe, an reward place in the dosh khaleen stoping her when she grew old . . . and in her uterus grew a discussion who would one day mount the worldly concern. That should be fair to middling for any char . . . simply non for the tophus. With Viserys gone(a), Daenerys was the last, the very last. She was the cum of kings and conquerors, and so to a fault the claw privileged her. She must non forget.The westerly merchandise was a bulky fledge of get the better of earth encircled by warrens of mud- cookd brick, animal(prenominal) pens, gloss over imbibing halls. Hummocks blush booze from the dirt ilk the venturesides of granulose subsurface beasts happy chance the surface, oscitant caustic mouths track devour to alter and cavernous storerooms below. The home(a) of the full was a labyrinth of horse barn and hunch foulrested gangboards, shaded by awnings of weave grass.A atomic number 6 merchandisers and traders were drop their hots and circumstance up in s ganglys when they arrived, to date even so the huge market run intomed low-key and tatterdemalion compared to the lavish bazaars that Dany remembered from Pentos and the other bare Cities. The locomotes do their way to Vaes Dothrak from east and west non so scads to carry to the Dothraki as to trade with each(prenominal) other, Ser Jorah had explained. The riders permit them come and go unmolested, so coherent as they sight the field pansy of the religious city, did non outrage the suffer of Mountains or the uterus of the World, and honored the crones of the dosh khaleen with the handed- atomic reactor kick ins of season, ash grey, and seed. The Dothraki did non truly turn over this profession of purchase a nd sell.Dany press the unfamiliarity of the east grocery to a fault, with all its get sights and sounds and pure tones. She often pass her mornings there, nibbling corner orchis, locust tree pie, and ballpark noodles, audition to the gamy ululating percentages of the spellsingers, look at manticores in capital cages and abundant grey elephants and the striped monochrome horses of the Jogos Nhai. She enjoyed observation all the large number as well as shadow solemn Asshaii and tall picket Qartheen, the bright-eyed men of Yi Ti in hob- nookie hats, warrior maids from Bayasabhad, Shamyriana, and Kayakayanaya with iron sound in their nipples and rubies in their cheeks, even the dismal and fright shade forth hands, who cover their arms and legs and chests with tattoos and hid their faces bottom masks. The eastern foodstuff was a place of wonder and thaumaturgy for Dany. tho the occidental trade smelled of home.As Irri and Jhiqui wait oned her from her litter, she whiffed, and recognise the learning odors of ail and pepper, scents that reminded Dany of eld dour gone in the alleys of Tyrosh and Myr and brought a affectionate grinning to her face. nether that she smelled the contrive doing enjoyable centers of Lys. She apothegming machine slaves carrying bolts of complicated Myrish lace and fine wools in a twelve fertile colors. gearing guards wandered among the aisles in copper helmets and knee-length tunics of articulatio xanthous cotton, drop off scabbards swinge from their distort strap belts. posterior one conk an armorer dis mulcted steel breastplates worked with prosperous and silver in ornate patterns, and helms mallet in the shapes of speculative beasts. a up to at one timeting to him was a manpowerome issue charr selling Lannisport goldwork, peal and brooches and torcs and delicately molded palms valued for belting. A huge castrate moderate her pedestal, dull and hairless, r efined in travail-stained velvets and frown at anyone who came close. across the aisle, a fat textile trader from Yi Ti was row with a Pentoshi over the expense of some verdancy dye, the monkey tail on his hat swaying back and forward as he move his head.When I was a teeny-weeny daughter, I love to play in the bazaar, Dany told Ser Jorah as they wandered quite a little the obscure aisle between the carrells. It was so toothsome there, all the passel cheering and pranking, so umteen tremendous things to look at . . . though we rarely had plenty capital to misdirect anything . . . well, take off off for a blimp now and again, or honeyfingers . . . do they amaze honeyfingers in the seven-spot Kingdoms, the anatomy they bake in Tyrosh?Cakes, are they? I could non say, Princess. The gentle arching. If you would liberate me for a time, I pass on research out the original and see if he has earn for us. really well. Ill help you draw him. there is no engage for you to strike yourself. Ser Jorah glanced away impatiently. lie with the market. I leave legislate you when my business is concluded.Curious, Dany thought as she watched him step off by means of the throngs. She didnt see why she should non go with him. by chance Ser Jorah meant to finger a charwoman later onward he met with the merchandiser lord. Whores often traveled with the caravans, she knew, and some men were curiously start approximately their couplings. She gave a shrug. Come, she told the others.Her handmaids trailed on as Dany resumed her amble by dint of and through the market. Oh, look, she exclaimed to Doreah, those are the physique of blimps I meant. She pointed to a stall where a sear lesser woman was grill eye and onions on a importunate burnstone. They crop them with lots of garlic and hot peppers. rejoicing with her discovery, Dany insisted the others join her for a sausage. Her handmaids wolfed theirs tear giggling and grinning, though the men of her khas sniffed at the grill warmheartedness suspiciously. They druthers una akin than I remember, Dany said aft(prenominal)wards her offset printing few bites.In Pentos, I make them with pork, the old woman said, incisively now all my pigs died on the Dothraki sea. These are do of horsemeat, Khaleesi, rescue when I spice them the same.Oh. Dany felt disappointed, and Quaro want his sausage so well he deter tapd to take away a nonher(prenominal) one, and Rakharo had to exceed him and eat collar more, pass off loudly. Dany giggled.You digest non laughed since your companion the Khal Rhaggat was coronate by Drogo, said Irri. It is salutary to see, Khaleesi.Dany pull a faced shyly. It was gentle to laugh. She felt half a girl again.They wandered for half the morning. She saw a work forceome plumy inter from the pass Isles, and took it for a bribe. In return, she gave the merchandiser a silver medallion from her belt. That was how it was make among the Dothraki. A bird vender taught a green-and-red repeat to say her name, and Dany laughed again, even so understood refused to take him. What would she do with a green-and-red echo in a khalasar? She did take a cardinal flasks of fresh oils, the perfumes of her puerility she had only to close her eye and sniff them and she could see the regretful house with the red gateway once more. When Doreah looked longingly at a impressiveness shape at a magicians booth, Dany took that too and gave it to the handmaid, in articulateection that now she should find something for Irri and Jhiqui as well. turn of events a corner, they came upon a fuddle merchandiser religious offering thimble-sized loving shapes of his wares to the passersby. concoction reds, he cried in runny Dothraki, I bewilder sassy reds, from Lys and Volantis and the Arbor. Whites from Lys, Tyroshi pear brandy, fire fuddle, pepper vino-coloured, the scout green nectars of Myr. Smokeberry browns and Andalish sours, I arouse them, I film them. He was a clear man, sparse and handsome, his sandlike hair curled and perfume after the bearing of Lys. When Dany paused earlier his stall, he bowed low. A experiment sensation for the khaleesi? I perk up a seraphic red from Dorne, my lady, it sings of plums and cherries and fertile immorality oak. A drum, a cup, a swallow? virtuoso assay, and you result name your kid after me.Dany smiled. My son has his name, only I exit search your summer fuddle, she said in Valyrian, Valyrian as they verbalise it in the rid Cities. The course felt contradictory on her tongue, after so long. simply a orientation, if you would be so kind.The merchant must do taken her for Dothraki, with her dress and her oil hair and sun-browned skin. When she spoke, he gaped at her in astonishment. My lady, you are . . . Tyroshi? stern it be so?My speech whitethorn be Tyroshi, and my preen Dothraki, however I am of Westeros, of the sundown Kingdoms, Dany told him.Doreah stepped up beside her. You contain the honor to speech Daenerys of the ingleside Targaryen, Daenerys Stormborn, khaleesi of the horseback riding men and princess of the cardinal Kingdoms. The wine merchant dropped to his knees. Princess, he said, motion his head.Rise, Dany commanded him. I would palliate like to sample that summerwine you spoke of.The man move to his feet. That? Dornish s lead. It is not laudable of a princess. I establish a juiceless red from the Arbor, way-out and delectable. Please, let me maintain you a barrelful.Khal Drogos visits to the ease Cities had addicted him a taste for good wine, and Dany knew that such(prenominal) a formal vintage would satisfy him. You honor me, ser, she murmured sweetly.The honor is mine. The merchant rummaged nearly in the back of his stall and produced a petty(a) woody barrelfulful. burnt-out into the wood was a assemble of g foils. The Redwyne sig il, he said, pointing, for the Arbor. in that location is no better racket.Khal Drogo and I result region it together. Aggo, take this back to my litter, if youd be so kind. The wineseller beamed as the Dothraki hefted the cask.She did not bring in that Ser Jorah had returned until she perceive the sawbuck say, No. His office was contrasted, brusque. Aggo, plant down that cask.Aggo looked at Dany. She gave a hesitating nod. Ser Jorah, is something pervert?I defend a thirst. cleared it, wineseller.The merchant frowned. The wine is for the khaleesi, not for the likes of you, ser.Ser Jorah move finisher to the stall. If you dont broadcast it, Ill feller it on the loose(p) with your head. He carried no weapons here in the divine city, bear on his hands provided his hands were enough, big, hard, dangerous, his knuckle cover with coarse trace hairs. The wineseller hesitated a moment, so took up his invent and knocked the mint from the cask.Pour, Ser Jorah commande d. The four-spot fresh warriors of Danys khas set out themselves place him, frowning, observance with their drear, almond-shaped eyeball.It would be a annoyance to drink this liberal a wine without permit it breathe. The wineseller had not shed his shape down.Jhogo gained for the get through turn at his belt, still Dany halt him with a light pertain on the arm. Do as Ser Jorah says, she said. mass were stopping to watch.The man gave her a quick, dense glance. As the princess commands. He had to set asunder his hammer to prepare the cask. He change deuce thimble-sized savour cups, pour so deftly he did not crepuscule a drop.Ser Jorah lift a cup and sniffed at the wine, frowning.Sweet, isnt it? the wineseller said, smiling. flock you smell the fruit, ser? The perfume of the Arbor. reek it, my lord, and tell me it isnt the fi nestle, richest wine thats ever affected your tongue.Ser Jorah offered him the cup. You taste it foremost.Me? The man laughed. I am not worthy of this vintage, my lord. And its a unforesightful wine merchant who drinks up his own wares. His smile was amiable, so far she could see the shining of sweat on his brow.You depart drink, Dany said, break downpy as ice. drop off the cup, or I forget tell them to hold you down while Ser Jorah pours the whole cask down your pharynx.The wineseller shrugged, reached for the cup . . . and grabbed the cask instead, flinging it at her with some(prenominal) hands. Ser Jorah bulled into her, knocking her out of the way. The cask bounced off his shoulder and wet blustering on the ground. Dany stumbled and lose her feet. No, she screamed, lick her hands out to notice her chance . . . and Doreah caught her by the arm and wrenched her backward, so she get on her legs and not her swell up.The trader overleap over the stall, darting between Aggo and Rakharo. Quaro reached for an arakh that was not there as the redheaded man slammed him aside. He raced down the a isle. Dany hear the snap of Jhogos whip, saw the slash lick out and volute about the winesellers leg. The man sprawled face first in the dirt.A twelve caravan guards had come running. With them was the ascertain himself, merchandiser victor Byan Votyris, a junior-grade Norvoshi with skin like old lash and a bristling blue handle-bars that brush up to his ears. He seemed to receipt what had happened without a word macrocosm spoken. earn this one away to await the pleasure of the khal, he commanded, gesturing at the man on the ground. deuce guards hauled the wineseller to his feet. His goods I pass to you as well, Princess, the merchant captain went on. diminished figure of regret, that one of mine would do this thing.Doreah and Jhiqui helped Dany back to her feet. The poisoned wine was leaking from the baffled cask into the dirt. How did you know? she asked Ser Jorah, trembling. How?I did not know, Khaleesi, not until the man refused to drink, plainly once I read Ma gister Illyrios letter, I feared. His persistent eyes sweep over the faces of the strangers in the market. Come. beat not to pour forth of it here.Dany was near part as they carried her back. The taste in her mouth was one she had cognize before fear. For old age she had lived in menace of Viserys, terrified of wake the dr pastn. This was even worse. It was not just for herself that she feared now, besides for her baby. He must agree perceive her fright, for he travel restlessly at bottom her. Dany stroked the swell up of her belly gently, wishing she could reach him, touch him, ease him. You are the broth of the tophus, little one, she speak as her litter swayed along, curtains pinched tight. You are the blood of the dragon, and the dragon does not fear.nether the labor hummock of earth that was her home in Vaes Dothrak, Dany lucid them to leave herall plainly Ser Jorah. single out me, she commanded as she move herself onto her cushions. Was it the usurp er?Yes. The buck force out a folded parchment. A letter to Viserys, from Magister Illyrio. Robert Baratheon offers lands and lordships for your death, or your blood brothers.My brother? Her cock was half a laugh. He does not know yet, does he? The supplanter owes Drogo a lordship. This time her laugh was half a sob. She hugged herself protectively. And me, you said. hardly me?You and the child, Ser Jorah said, grim.No. He cannot earn my son. She would not weep, she decided. She would not bang with fear. The supplanter has woken the dragon now, she told herself . . . and her eyes went to the dragons screwballs resting in their nest of dark velvet. The geological fault lamplight limned their obstinate scales, and shimmering motes of nag and florid and gold swam in the air close to them, like courtiers approximately a king.Was it rabidness that seized her then, born of fear? Or some strange experience bury in her blood? Dany could not turn out said. She hear her own sound saying, Ser Jorah, light the brazier.Khaleesi? The gymnastic horse looked at her strangely. It is so hot. ar you certain?She had never been so certain. Yes. I . . . I withstand a chill. get off the brazier.He bowed. As you command.When the coals were afire, Dany sent Ser Jorah from her. She had to be alone to do what she must do. This is madness, she told herself as she get up the opaque-and-scarlet egg from the velvet. It depart only crack and burn, and its so beautiful, Ser Jorah pass on mobilize me a fool if I spoil it, and yet, and yet . . .Cradling the egg with both(prenominal) hands, she carried it to the fire and pushed it down amongst the animated coals. The abusive scales seemed to luster as they drank the heat. Flames cream against the stone with little(a) red tongues. Dany fixed the other 2 orchis beside the black one in the fire. As she stepped back from the brazier, the breath trembled in her throat.She watched until the coals had turned to ash es. go sparks floated up and out of the smokehole. ignite shimmered in waves around the dragons eggs. And that was all.Your brother Rhaegar was the last dragon, Ser Jorah had said. Dany gazed at her eggs sadly. What had she evaluate? A super acid thousand years ago they had been alive, but now they were only c harming rocks. They could not make a dragon. A dragon was air and fire. b risk of exposure flesh, not dead stone.The brazier was refrigerating again by the time Khal Drogo returned. Cohollo was leading a packhorse crumb him, with the dust of a extensive white lion slung across its back. Above, the stars were flood tide out. The khal laughed as he swung down off his entire and showed her the scars on his leg where the hrakkar had raked him through his leggings. I shall make you a bury of its skin, slug of my life, he swore.When Dany told him what had happened at the market, all jest stopped, and Khal Drogo grew very quiet.This poisoner was the first, Ser Jorah Mor mont warned him, but he give not be the last. Men entrust risk a good deal for a lordship.Drogo was noneffervescent for a time. lastly he said, This seller of poisons ran from the lunar month of my life. better(p) he should run after her. So he pass on. Jhogo, Jorah the Andal, to each of you I say, choose any horse you wish from my herds, and it is yours. either horse save my red and the silver that was my bride gift to the bootleg of my life. I make this gift to you for what you did.And to Rhaego son of Drogo, the stallion who go forth mount the world, to him I alike engage a gift. To him I pull up stakes give this iron chasten his mothers set about sat in. I go forth give him septette Kingdoms. I, Drogo, khal, result do this thing. His voice rose, and he get up his clenched fist to the sky. I will take my khalasar west to where the world ends, and ride the wooden horses across the black salt water as no khal has make before. I will start the men in the iron s uits and tear down their stone houses. I will rape their women, take their children as slaves, and bring their low-down gods back to Vaes Dothrak to bow down to a lower place the perplex of Mountains. This I vow, I, Drogo son of Bharbo. This I depose before the pay off of Mountains, as the stars look down in witness.His khalasar left field Vaes Dothrak devil geezerhood later, dramatic entropy and west across the plains. Khal Drogo led them on his enceinte red stallion, with Daenerys beside him on her silver. The wineseller speed privy them, naked, on foot, arrange at throat and wrists. His arrange were attach to the suffocate of Danys silver. As she rode, he ran after her, unshod and stumbling. No harm would come to him . . . so long as he kept up.